Nigeria’s real estate market offers lucrative opportunities, but it is also fraught with risks, especially for buyers unfamiliar with the terrain. Fraudulent practices in land transactions are common, often costing victims millions. This guide explores the most prevalent scams in Nigeria’s land market and offers practical solutions to avoid falling victim.
Common Land Scams in Nigeria
1. The Non-Existent Land Scam
Fraudsters sell land that doesn’t exist or isn’t theirs to sell. Victims discover the deception only after payments have been made.
Solution:
- Conduct a physical inspection of the land.
- Engage a trusted surveyor to confirm the land’s existence and boundaries.
- Verify ownership through the state land registry.
2. Double Sale Scam
This occurs when a landowner or agent sells the same property to multiple buyers.
Solution:
- Insist on a valid Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) or other legal documents.
- Check the land’s status at the relevant land registry to ensure no encumbrances.
3. Omo Onile (Land Grabber) Scam
Local thugs, known as “Omo Onile,” demand illegal levies or claim ownership even after purchase.
Solution:
- Obtain land directly from reputable developers or government agencies.
- Secure documents like the Governor’s Consent to protect your rights.
- Involve legal professionals throughout the transaction.
4. Fake Documents
Fraudsters forge essential land documents like C of O, Deed of Assignment, or Survey Plans.
Solution:
- Verify documents at the state’s Ministry of Lands and Urban Development.
- Use anti-forgery verification platforms, such as Lagos State’s Land Online (landonline.lagosstate.gov.ng).
5. Encroachment on Government Land
Some lands are designated for government projects or labeled as “under acquisition,” yet fraudsters sell them illegally.
Solution:
- Confirm the land’s status with the Surveyor-General’s office.
- Obtain a land information certificate.
6. Agent Fraud
Unscrupulous agents inflate land prices or abscond with payment.
Solution:
- Work only with registered real estate professionals.
- Avoid cash transactions; use traceable payment methods like bank transfers.
7. Unapproved Layouts or Zoning Issues
Land sold in unapproved areas may not be usable for the intended purpose.
Solution:
- Request documentation showing zoning approval for residential or commercial use.
- Confirm with local planning authorities.
General Best Practices
- Engage Professionals: Always work with a licensed surveyor, lawyer, and estate agent.
- Conduct Due Diligence: Research the seller, land history, and documentation thoroughly.
- Make Payments Securely: Avoid cash transactions. Use traceable methods and retain all receipts.
- Verify Documentation: Use tools like the Lagos State Land Online platform to authenticate land documents.
- Seek Legal Protection: Register your purchased land with the appropriate government agency.
By following these guidelines, buyers can navigate Nigeria’s real estate market confidently and avoid falling victim to scams. Share your experiences in the comments—together, we can make land transactions safer for all!
